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Objective
The regulation of negative emotions entails the modulation of subcortical regions, such as the amygdala, by prefrontal regions. There is preliminary evidence suggesting that individuals at higher weight may present with hypoactivity in prefrontal regulatory systems during emotional regulation, although the directionality of these pathways has not been tested. In this study, we compared...
Objective
The impact of obesity on the risk for type 2 diabetes differs between males and females; however, the underlying reasons are unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of sex on obesity‐driven changes in the mechanisms regulating glucose metabolism (insulin sensitivity and secretion) among Asian individuals without diabetes in Singapore.
Methods
The study assessed glucose tolerance...
Researchers have been reimagining strategies to accelerate the pacing of translational science progress so that basic T0 discoveries can be converted more efficiently to T1 to T4 interventions. This is certainly true in the context of childhood obesity prevention given its complex etiology and heterogeneity. Here it is submitted that behavioral genetics methods, which have transformed the understanding...
Objective
Visceral obesity contributes to obesity‐related complications; however, the intrinsic mechanism of depot‐specific adipose tissue behavior remains unclear. Despite the pro‐adipogenesis role of glucocorticoids (GCs) in adipogenesis, the role of GCs in visceral adiposity rather than in subcutaneous adipose tissue is not established. Because adipocyte progenitors display a striking depot‐specific...
Objective
Leptin plays a key role in the regulation of body weight and other endocrine systems. Recently, impairment of leptin gene transcription due to genetic variations in a long noncoding RNA (lncOb) has been described. This retrospective study aims to characterize the clinical and metabolic phenotype of children and adolescents with obesity who were homozygous for the lncOb rs10487505 leptin...
Objective
This case‐control study was aimed at testing two main hypotheses: (i) obesity is characterized by neurofunctional alterations within the mesocorticolimbic reward system, a brain network originating from the midbrain ventral tegmental area (VTA); and (ii) these alterations are associated with a bias for food‐related stimuli and craving.
Methods
Normal‐weight individuals and individuals...
Objective
Skeletal muscle adiposity (myosteatosis) is recognized as a major risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, and it increases with aging. The relationship of myosteatosis with cognitive impairment is unknown.
Methods
The association of calf myosteatosis (measured by computed tomography‐derived skeletal muscle density; higher values indicate less myosteatosis) with cognitive function was...
Objective
In adults, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity (SI) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) are linked with a predisposition to obesity. The current study aimed to determine the effects of maternal exercise on a model of infant skeletal muscle tissue (differentiated umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells [MSCs]) SI and FAO and analyzed for associations with infant body composition.
Methods
Females...
Objective
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) inflammation contributes to metabolic dysregulation in obesity. VAT recruitment and activation of plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) through toll‐like receptor 9 (TLR9) recognition of self‐DNA, leading to induction of type I interferons, are crucial innate triggers for this VAT inflammation. It was hypothesized that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) can contribute...
Objective
This review aimed to evaluate the association between childhood adiposity and depression and anxiety risk in adulthood.
Methods
MEDLINE, PsychInfo, Embase, CINAHL, and Scopus were searched on June 6, 2022, to identify studies that investigated the association between childhood weight status (age ≤18 years) and outcomes of depression and/or anxiety in adulthood (age ≥19 years). Study quality...
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the associations of age at first birth and parity with weight, waist circumference (WC), and body fat across midlife.
Methods
A secondary data analysis was conducted with 735 participants from Project Viva who reported their age at first birth and lifetime parity at a midlife study visit. Weight, WC, and body fat were measured up to four times after the participants'...
Objective
Obesity is associated with increased cancer risk. Because of the substantial and sustained weight loss following bariatric surgery, postsurgical patients are ideal to study the association of weight loss and cancer.
Methods
Retrospectively (1982–2019), 21,837 bariatric surgery patients (surgery, 1982–2018) were matched 1:1 by age, sex, and BMI with a nonsurgical comparison group. Procedures...
Objective
In obesogenic states and after exercise, interleukin (IL)‐6 elevations are established, and IL‐6 is speculated to be an appetite‐regulating mechanism. This study examined the role of IL‐6 on exercise‐induced appetite regulation in sedentary normal weight (NW) males and those with obesity (OB).
Methods
Nine NW participants and eight participants with OB completed one non‐exercise control...
Objective
This observational study examined the relationship between presurgical white matter microstructural coherence and cognitive change after weight loss. It was hypothesized that higher baseline fractional anisotropy (FA) would predict greater baseline and change cognition.
Methods
A sample of 24 adults (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) underwent neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 12 weeks after...
Objective
Shift workers typically experience misalignment between their circadian system and behavioral/environmental cycles and have an increased risk for obesity. Experimental studies in non‐shift workers have suggested that circadian misalignment can disrupt energy balance regulation. This study examined the impact of circadian misalignment in the most relevant population, i.e., chronic shift...
Objective
The effectiveness of coronary artery calcification (CAC) for risk stratification in obesity, in which imaging is often limited because of a reduced signal to noise ratio, has not been well studied.
Methods
Data from 9334 participants (mean age: 53.3 ± 9.7 years; 67.9% men) with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 from the CAC Consortium, a retrospectively assembled cohort of individuals with no prior cardiovascular...
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate associations between blood gene expression profiles and (1) current BMI and (2) past weight changes (WCs) among women who had never been diagnosed with cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer (NOWAC) postgenome cohort.
Methods
This cross‐sectional study (N = 1694) used gene expression profiles and information from three questionnaires: Q1 (baseline), Q2 (follow‐up),...
Objective
In the Semaglutide Treatment Effect in People with obesity (STEP) trials, once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide 2.4 mg plus lifestyle intervention reduced body weight and improved cardiometabolic parameters in adults with obesity (or overweight with weight‐related comorbidities). Effects on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) require investigation.
Methods
STEP 1 (68 weeks) and...
Objective
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an intermittent low‐carbohydrate diet (ILCD) versus calorie restriction (ICR) in young populations and potential mechanisms.
Methods
Thirty‐four participants aged 9 to 30 years with cardiometabolic risk were randomized to receive a self‐administered 2‐week ILCD (carbohydrate intake ≤ 50 g/d on seven nonconsecutive days) or...
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